Scientists Shed New Light On Scent, Flavor Potential In Produce

Kevin Folta, UF/IFAS

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Scientists have known for hundreds of years that plants respond to light in a variety of ways. But the results of a new University of Florida study tell them how specific light wavelengths can manipulate volatile compounds that control aroma and taste in several high-value crops, including petunia, tomato, strawberry, and blueberry.

And their findings open the door to more studies into ways light may someday be used to improve the flavor and nutritional content of fruits, vegetables and herbs, even the scent of flowers, said Thomas Colquhoun, an assistant professor in environmental horticulture at UF and lead author of the study that was published online by the journal Postharvest Biology and Technology.

The team began with petunia cuttings, exposing them to narrow bandwidth LED light in varying wavelengths. They found that a key floral volatile called 2-phenylethanol increased when the plant was exposed to red and far-red treatments (far-red is a hue so far on the color spectrum that humans can’t detect it, but plants can).

They conducted similar tests on tomato, strawberry and blueberry, finding that flavor volatiles in each of those fruits could be manipulated with light. Blueberry volatiles changed the least, but the changes were still statistically significant, said Kevin Folta, chairman of UF’s horticultural sciences department.

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The technology will likely find its way into grocery store produce sections, greenhouses, and food companies involved in postharvest handling and shipping, Folta said.
And consumers might someday find the technology used in their homes, as well.
“You might even see it used in your refrigerator — instead of you closing the door and the light goes out, you’ll close the door and the light goes on,” Folta said. “And it’ll all happen in a way that positively influences the flavor profiles of food.”

The team is now working with UF dentistry professor and taste expert Linda Bartoshuk on a National Institutes of Health-funded study that will test whether consumers can taste differences in light-treated fruit.

The UF research team also included Michael Schwieterman, a graduate student in the plant molecular and cellular biology program; Jessica Gilbert, a graduate student in horticultural sciences; Elizabeth Jaworski, Kelly Langer, Correy Jones, Gabrielle Rushing and Tia Hunter, undergraduate students in environmental horticulture; James Olmstead, an assistant professor in horticultural sciences; and David Clark, a professor in environmental horticulture and director of the Institute for Plant Innovation.

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